Thursday, August 27, 2020

English Media Study of I am Legend.

English Media Study of I am Legend. Free Online Research Papers How adequately does the Director of â€Å"I Am Legend† construct anticipation and strain? ‘I Am Legend’ is a dystopian sci-fi movie coordinated by Francis Lawrence, featuring Will Smith. It was initially a novel by Richard Matheson written in 1954 which was then made as a film in 2006. ‘I Am Legend’ is about Robert Neville (played by Will Smith) who is a virologist living in Manhattan, New York and is evidently the last man alive. This came to fruition by specialists thinking they had discovered a solution for malignant growth yet rather it transformed the remainder of the populace into ‘Hemocytes’. The ‘Hemocytes’ are consistently watching Roberts moves, hanging tight for him to commit a fatal error, as Robert is attempting to catch them to utilize them to discover a fix. This is a case of the regular film subject ‘hunter or hunted?’ as Robert is attempting to chase them as he needs to fix them, however they’re likewise chasing him since they don’t need to be relieved. The methods utilized in ‘I Am Legend’ show how viably Francis Lawrence makes strain and tension. He utilizes strategies like diverse camera edges, sound, lighting and cinematography to influence the general state of mind of the film and to control the audience’s sentiments. In this film, Francis Lawrence has worked superbly in utilizing these procedures to their full impact. 1) USE OF CAMERA ANGLES IN THE PRE-TITLE SCENE TO CREATE TENSION AND SUSPENSE. Camera points are utilized all through the pre-title scene to make pressure and suspense.The chief in the pre-title scene utilizes camera edges to show the set. Francis Lawrence utilizes a wide scope of camera points all through the film, however in the primary moment of the pre-title scene he utilizes loads of various edges that show the entire set, Manhattan. The pre-title scene begins with a building up shot of New York City. It shows a dead, once-over New York, which makes inquiries in the audience’s mind. It at that point shows a low edge shot of Times Square, demonstrating comparable things to the main shot of a city which has been ignored and totally abandoned of all human life. This is bizarre for the crowd as Times Square is a well known land mark and would ordinarily be packed and occupied with individuals and vehicles. He at that point proceeds to show a bird’s eye perspective on a road with high rises, however it is quiet once more, aside from the sound of f lying creatures out yonder. Following a couple of moments, a games vehicle shows up and speeds down a central avenue. This point gives an abandoned inclination to the crowd again as there is just a single vehicle, rather than a jam-packed road .The camera edge is then switched to a nearby, concentrating on a firearm, at that point Robert Neville getting it inside the vehicle. This is done to show the character Robert Neville’s watching outward appearance. The camera likewise shows a nearby point of Sam, Robert’s hound. These two short camera shots present the primary characters. It additionally shows their relationship, as Robert opens the window for Sam, demonstrating Robert thinks about Sam’s needs. Despite the fact that later on in the film there are indications of the subject of savage human conduct, there is a despite everything shot in the pre-title scene where Robert doesn't shoot the female lion as she and her family merit the deer’s meat more. De spite the fact that he is as yet not secure with his choice, he despite everything brings down his firearm and gives way. Utilization OF PROPS AND MISE-EN-SCENE IN THE PRE-TITLE SCENE TO BUILD UP TENSION AND SUSPENSE Francis Lawrence utilizes props and mise-en-scene ably to make environment and tension.Throughout the pre-title scene there are banners saying â€Å"God still loves us† This is a since a long time ago shot portending that toward the end there are still a few people who endure and make it to the fenced off settlement to attempt to bring back life all over earth. There are additionally military tanks, which means something genuine and perilous probably happened providing the crowd some insight, yet in addition making them question over and over. There are relinquished squad cars speaking to the absence of law in the city and when Robert passes through red lights and onto asphalts this advises this considerably more. The presence of the deer bouncing before the vehicle is another inquiry the crowd would present themselves. Why Robert is chasing deer? It likewise causes anticipation as the crowd is dubious about the activities coming after. Utilization OF SOUND IN PRE-TITLE SCENE TO BUILD UP SUSPENSE AND TENSION Glancing back at the pre-title scene again and thinking now the utilization of sound, you can see the viability of the audio effects. The utilization of quiet, or at focuses, the sound of feathered creatures whistling out of sight made a nonappearance of sound. The consequence of this is making the crowd question more. The quiet is then broken by the thunder of a motor, at that point the presence of the vehicle. This would appear to the crowd as peculiar to be capable simply hear the sound of one single vehicle in New York City. The main words expressed are, â€Å"What do you see, what do you see?† He talks with nervousness and energy. This raises the topic â€Å"hunter or hunted?† as the crowd isn't certain now in the event that he is going to utilize the firearm to secure him or to chase with. This makes uneasiness and vulnerability in the crowd developing anticipation and strain. At the point when the deer screeches, it shows the difference of innovation and nature, innovation being the sound of the motor and nature being the deer’s screech. The sounds toward the finish of the pre-title scene have been diegetic however when the title shows up on the screen there is a non-diegetic sound which is dull and assembles pressure as it utilizes low notes. 2) USE OF CAMERA ANGLES IN THE FLASH-BACK SCENE TO CREATE TENSION AND SUSPENSE The account structure of â€Å"I Am Legend† is introduced in a non-sequential request, changing from the past to the present and the other way around. This is on the grounds that there are a few glimmer backs that the character Robert faces during the film. The primary glimmer back is one of the most significant; as it gives the crowd a great deal of intimations yet at the same time leaves them dubious. It likewise educates us regarding his family and how his better half isn’t cheerful about him remaining on the island. The contention in the vehicle is halted by a body hitting the vehicle then the travelers shouting then the following scene returning to the current day. The vehicles that pull up outside the Roberts’ house in the glimmer back, and the military individuals who are likewise remaining outside the house holding walkie-talkies which shows that the circumstance happening is significant and perhaps hazardous. The discussion from the president likewise shows the significance and direness of the circumstance. As this scene is appeared in a hurried manner, it again develops strain and tension. This is on the grounds that the crowd is feeling expectation and vulnerability. The camera edges utilized in the flashback are practically all nearby ups or over the shoulder shots. These are utilized to show the outward appearances very close, as they are really significan t in this scene to depict the characters’ feeling. They additionally attract the crowd to relate to the legend. Utilization OF SOUND IN THE FIRST FLASH BACK SCENE TO BUILD UP SUSPENSE AND TENSION Sound is utilized all through this scene to manufacture environment and strain. The sounds utilized in the principal streak back are essential and just incorporates diegetic seems like the sound of alarms outside of the vehicle and when they approach the house. The main different sounds you hear are discourse. The chief, Francis Lawrence has done this as the discussion among Robert and his significant other is significant for the crowd to make sense of what's going on. So we have to concentrate on the discussion and not be occupied by state of mind music as it is a significant piece of the film. Francis Lawrence just uses calm sounds in the back ground and outside the vehicle to include air. During the vehicle venture in the blaze back, Robert and his better half show bothering towards Carly (Robert Neville’s girl) and advise her to be peaceful while they tune in to the radio. They are acting as such on the grounds that they are terrified and frightened, so are resolved to hea ring what the president needs to state. This factor, the characters are terrified, makes the crowd be unsure, building strain and anticipation. The honesty of Carly is exceptionally clear as she is addressing everything except for stops when told as well. She likewise discusses it being Christmas and her presents having been left in the storage room, demonstrating she has next to no at the forefront of her thoughts that she stresses over. Her folks are likewise too bustling contending and disclosing things to each other to respond to her inquiries. Despite the fact that she is posing blameless inquiries, you can tell through her voice and outward appearances that the experience is as yet stressing her. This again makes strain and anticipation in view of what the characters are feeling. 3) IN ROBERT NEVILLE’S LABATORY-USE OF CAMERA ANGLES TO BUILD SUSPENSE AND TENSION Camera edges are utilized capably all through the lab scene to attract the crowd to feel for Robert. After Robert and Sam have been assaulted by the Hemocytes’ hounds, the scene changes to Robert’s lab. Sam is truly harmed and Robert is racing to care for her yet doesn’t figure out how to spare her as she transforms into a Hemocyte thus, Robert needs to murder her. The camera points utilized in this scene change quickly so the crowd can follow all the activity and furthermore incorporates close-ups of outward appearances as it is critical to the story that we see that the choice to murder is a hard one for him. At the point when it first changes to this scene, the camera is following Robert in a medium close-up shot. The following impact is utilized to show how quick he is moving yet in addition shows how he is feeling disturbed and upset. Francis Lawrence utilizes a similar method of working up pressure anticipation througho

Saturday, August 22, 2020

UAE Security and the Effect of Technology and Car Bombs Essay

UAE Security and the Effect of Technology and Car Bombs - Essay Example As the conversation stresses innovation has empowered fear mongers plan vehicle bombs. The vehicle bombs being used today are probably going to cause more prominent blast. The culprit can without much of a stretch convey the bomb to the objective zone. Because of the closeness, the blast has the capability of causing unpredictable mass pulverization. The existent of the vehicle bombs builds the requirement for more tightly security. Rigid registering of vehicles driving with basic structures and other critical regions like air terminals is demonstrating essential in many pieces of the world.From the report obviously the UAE locale is inclined to fear monger assaults being a financially energetic area. Police reports from this locale show that they have been utilizing innovation to relieve and secure any type of psychological militant assaults. UAE propelled a powerful face acknowledgment framework in 2008. The innovation of face acknowledgment the states are utilizing is one of the m ost productive and can catch facial pictures and remember them. Through this innovation, they guarantee that their outskirts are sheltered. Because of the effectiveness of the face acknowledgment framework, they can relieve any assault and screen the section of individuals into the area. This encourages them keep off fear based oppressors before their entry. Reports from the Abu Dhabi police division uncover that the face acknowledgment framework looks to give expanded security to the network. The framework can catch pictures and through a high-goals innovation produce pictures that ease recognizable proof. The framework can pull in subjects of intrigue and catch facial highlights and isn't inclined to any type of mutilation. The locale knows about the conceivable security dangers. It targets ensuring every business in spite of the size. Numerous endeavors have an entrance control framework, biometric security, CCTV observations, and the face acknowledgment framework. Other securi ty â€solutions are set up. All these are just conceivable through innovation application. All these target guaranteeing an elevated level of common security when the utilization of ordinary weapons has allegedly caused a great deal of harm in numerous spots of the world (Abu Dhabi Police DHQ, 2012). The UAE locale likewise needs to improve the security to its basic structures. Notwithstanding the security arrangements, the states should concentrate on solidifying dividers of structures. The solidifying of dividers includes in collaborating material that can oppose the impact of any bomb or ordinary weapon. The new innovation guarantees that any fruitful assaults produce negligible harm. The solidifying of dividers is a proactive measure that increments common security. It is powerful in forestalling property harm and life misfortune. If there should be an occurrence of assaults, structures with solidified basic structures oppose the weight and can't crumple without any problem. R esearch shows that during a blast, the falling structure effectsly affects the individuals than the genuine weapon. Understanding this reality ought to be a rule to the UAE to utilize a broad shoot plan in the design of its basic structures. Solidifying the dividers is one of the accessible innovations. Other accessible advances incorporate the utilization of impact safe glass in development. Different examinations

Friday, August 21, 2020

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Adam Grant, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania

Blog Archive Professor Profiles Adam Grant, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania Many MBA applicants feel that they are purchasing a brand when they choose a business school. However, the educational experience you will have is what is crucial to your future, and no one will affect your education more than your professors. Today, we focus on  Adam Grant from the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. In addition to receiving multiple teaching awards at Wharton and having been named one of HR’s “Most Influential International Thinkers” each year since at least 2015, Adam Grant is also reportedly a student favorite. The author of New York Times bestsellers Option B: Facing Adversity, Building Resilience, and Finding Joy (Knopf, 2017; co-authored with Sheryl Sandberg), Originals: How Non-Conformists Move the World (Viking Press, 2016), and Give and Take: A Revolutionary Approach to Success (Viking Press, 2013; named one of the best books of the year by Amazon), and more than 60 articles, Grant has received numerous awards for his research on work motivation, including a Cummings Scholarly Achievement Award from the Academy of Management, the Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contribution from the American Psychological Association, and a fellowship from the National Science Foundation. Grant’s books have been translated into 35 languages. Grant is quoted in Bloomberg Businessweek’s 2012 profile of him as saying, “There is a long list of reasons that make me passionate about teaching, but every one revolves around the observation that we spend the majority of our waking hours at work, and there are many ways in which organizational psychology lets people lead more reward[ing] and productive work lives and makes the experience and organizations of others more productive, too.” In addition, Class of 2011 students quoted by PoetsQuants remarked of him, “I’m always struck by his humility (and humanity). It’s actually more like a bedside manner, almost like charisma, but more humble and personable” and “Adam is an amazing teacher and friend. In both my classes with him, he’s shown that in addition to being passionate about his subject matter, he really cares about his students. He also has an uncanny ability to remember the name of every student he teaches.” For information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at Wharton or any of 16 other top business schools, check out our free  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Professor Profiles University of Pennsylvania (Wharton)

Monday, May 25, 2020

Global Warming Latest Oceans

The  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)  published its fifth Assessment Report in 2013-2014, synthesizing the latest science behind global climate change.  Here are the highlights about our oceans. The oceans play a unique role in regulating our climate, and this is due to water’s high specific heat capacity. This means that a lot of heat is needed to raise the temperature of a certain amount of water. Conversely, this large amount of stored heat can slowly be released. In the context of oceans, this capacity to release vast amounts of heat moderates climates. Areas that should be colder because of their latitude remain warmer (for example, London or Vancouver), and areas that should be warmer remain cooler (for example, San Diego in summer). This high specific heat capacity, in conjunction with the ocean’s sheer mass, allows it to store more than 1000 times more energy than the atmosphere can for an equivalent increase in temperature. According to the IPCC: The upper ocean (from the surface down to 2100 ft) has been warming since 1971. At the surface, sea water temperatures have risen by 0.25 degrees Celsius as a global average. This warming trend was geographically uneven, with areas of greater warming rates in the North Atlantic, for example.This increase in ocean temperatures represents an enormous amount of energy. In the Earth’s energy budget, 93% of the observed increase is accounted for by warming ocean waters. The rest is manifested by warming in the continents and melting of ice.There have been significant changes in how salty the ocean is. The Atlantic has become saltier due to more evaporation, and the Pacific has become fresher because of increased rainfall.Surf’s up! There is enough evidence to state with medium confidence that waves have gotten larger in the North Atlantic, by as much as 20 cm (7.9 in) per decade since the 1950’s.Between 1901 and 2010, global mean sea level has risen by 19 cm (7.5 in). The rate of increase has accelerated in the past couple of decades. Many continental land masses have been experiencing some rebound (an upward vertical motion), but not enough to explain this sea level rise. Most of the observed rise is due to the warming, and therefore expansion, of water.Extreme high sea events produce coastal flooding and are usually the result of the coinciding effects of a large storm and high tide (for example, the 2012 landing of Hurricane Sandy on the New York and New Jersey coastline). During these rare events, water levels have been recorded higher than during extreme events in the past, and this increase is mostly due to the rising mean sea levels discussed above.Oceans have been absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, increasing the concentrations of carbon from man-made sources. As a result, the pH of the oceans’ surface waters has decreased, a process called acidification. This has important implication for marine life, as the increased acidity interferes with shell formation for marine animals such as coral, plankton, and shellfish.Since warmer water can hold less oxygen, the concentration of oxygen has decreased in many parts of the oceans. This has been most apparent along coastlines, where nutrient runoff into the ocean contributes also to lower oxygen levels. Since the previous report, vast amounts of new data were published and the IPCC was able to make many statements with more confidence:   it is at least very likely that the oceans have warmed, the sea levels have risen, contrasts in salinity have increased, and that the concentrations of carbon dioxide have increased and caused acidification. Much uncertainty remains about the effects of climate change on large circulation patterns and cycles, and still relatively little is known about changes in the deepest parts of the ocean. Find highlights from the report’s conclusions about: Observed global warming effects on the atmosphere and land surface.Observed global warming effects on the ice.Observed global warming and sea level rise. Source IPCC, Fifth Assessment Report. 2013. Observations: Oceans.

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Essay Kermit and the Keyboard from a Cognitivist Perspective

Kermit and the Keyboard from a Cognitivist Perspective Laurie B. Conaway American InterContinental University Abstract Three different cognitivist approaches to the story Kermit and the Keyboard are presented in Driscoll’s Psychology of Learning for Instruction (2005). Cognitive Information Processing, Piagetian Theory, and Interactional Theories of Cognitive Development are the three perspectives given on how Kermit learns to play the keyboard. These theories have similarities as well as divergent views on development. Kermit and the Keyboard from a Cognitivist Perspective Cognitive Information Processing, Piagetian Theory, and Interactional Theories of Cognitive Development explored the principles associated with†¦show more content†¦CIP explains the continuing development process, the actual stages of the learning process.(Driscoll, 2005) Piagetian Theory Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development proposes that a child’s capacity to understand certain concepts is based on the child’s developmental stage. He outlined 4 stages of development that spanned a child’s age from birth through 11 years old. The list below presents a summary of the characteristics typical at each stage: * Sensorimotor (birth to approximately age 2) – begins to mentally represent objects and events * Preoperational (2 to 7 years) – engages in symbolic play * Concrete Operational (7 to 11 years) - performs mental operations * Formal Operational (11 years onward) - Solves abstract problems in systematic and logical fashion (Driscoll, 2005, p.195) Piaget’s perspective on Kermit assumes he has reached his formal operational stage of development and therefore does not provide much of an explanation of how Kermit learned to play the keyboard. However if applied to a child learning to play the keyboard, like the CIP theory Piaget’s theory does address the learning of a symbol system which he termed social knowledge. This can be used to explain Kermit’s recognition of the musical notes andShow MoreRelatedIdentifying the Components of Cognitivist Theories Used in, Kermit and the Keyboard.1488 Words   |  6 PagesThe Components of Cognitivist Theories used in, Kermit and The Keyboard. Abstract Cognitivism emphasizes on the explanation of cognitive structures and process, and the intervention of these structures and processes between instruction and learning (Glaserfeld, 1989). The study of cognitivism has allowed for educators, theorist and psychologist to understand the concepts of knowing, thinking and formulating feedback. In reviewing the sample texture, Kermit and the Keyboard, has allowed for

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Ethics Of Torture Who Are We Really Hurting - 990 Words

Torture is a heinous crime to anyone who is put under the duress of those who either get enjoyment or use it as a device for information gathering. In recent years it has been more in use as a focal point with the recent killings of aid and social workers in the Middle East and travelers that enter North Korea to state a message or obtain information. If the rules of the Geneva Convention do not apply, then what rules do apply? Ethics of torture: who are we really hurting? Conflict between consequential and rights based morals theories that are not new. In 530AD was the first recording of torture was originated, when the Roman jurists torture those who did not conform to their ideology or religion. A Roman catholic by the name of Demosthenes believed â€Å"no statements made as a result of torture have been proved untrue† (thejusticecampaign.org/2010). It did have its critics, Aristotle was able to recognized the true nature of torture that, â€Å" those under compulsion are as likely to give false evidence as true, some being ready to endure to endure everything rather than tell the truth, while others are really ready to make false charges against other, in the hope of sooner released from torture†. (thejusticecampaign.org/2010). Almost every dictionary that has been published in the last 3 decades has at least three different definitions of torture. Either it is a narrow point blank answer or the broad one, however it all means the same, cruel and unusualShow MoreRelatedWhy Torture is Morally Wrong2149 Words   |  9 PagesConsider the following situation: You are an army officer who has just captured an enemy soldier who knows where a secret time bomb has been planted. Unless defused, the bomb will explode, killing thousands of people. Would it be morally permissible to torture them to get him to reveal the bomb’s location? Discuss this problem in light of both Utilitarian and Kantian moral theories and present arguments from both moral perspectives for why torture is morally wrong. At first glance, Utilitarian moralRead MoreThe Ethical Implications Of Terrorism2241 Words   |  9 Pagesdivisive and controversial: torture. They believed that in order to protect their constituencies and countries they felt that torture, kept relatively private, would effectively root out terrorism and the strategies that they employ. However, as with anything in the age of the Internet, nothing stays quiet for long and many human rights groups have taken an opposition to the use of torture. This has increasingly become more and more controversial of an activity and thus we need to start to look at theRead MoreThe Adopted Codes of Conduct for Psychological Research Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pages There is a belief among psychologists that by carrying out an experiment we should be lead to understand ourselves better and to the enhancement of the human condition and promotion of human welfare. This can only be completed if the experiment is ethically right to all parties involved. Ethics in an experimental situation deals with the idea of morality, what would be considered morally right behaviour in sight of aRead MoreThis Paper Will Be Discussing A Character From A Tv Series1511 Words   |  7 PagesMorgan, who adopted the boy and raised him as his own. As Dexter grew older, Harry noticed that Dexter liked to kill animals. Harry realized that watching his mother die had traumatized the boy and spawned a bloodlust in him, and that he would eventually start hurting actual human beings. But he loved his son and didn’t want him to lose him, so he taught Dexter to channel his â€Å"desire to kill† by telling him that he must only kill those who deserve it†¦ or rather, the criminally guilty who escape theRead MoreThe Importance of Ethics in the Workplace2188 Words   |  9 PagesImportance of Ethics in the Workplace From birth, most of us are taught what is right and wrong. Ethics is a trait that most human beings acquire, but with differences in values and perspectives, it may be hard to achieve. The problem lies in how ethics are taught to people. It is our duty as Americans and people on this Earth to train ourselves to become ethical in every thing we do. We should be practicing good ethics everywhere, at work, home, and school. Having good ethics should be partRead MoreAnimal Experimentation : Imagine An Innocent, Adorable Rabbit2048 Words   |  9 Pagesintended for use, for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet.† (â€Å"Animal Welfare†) The act does not cover birds, mice bred for research, rats, or any cold-blooded animals. Do we really need a definition for what an animal is? Can’t we just refrain people from hurting other living creatures? Ninety-five percent of animals used in research are not protected by the AWA. (â⠂¬Å"Pro-Con†) Laboratories have no minimum standards for the conditions of the unprotected animals. WithoutRead MoreCriticisms Against Ethical Theories8474 Words   |  34 Pagesmost people would say were clearly morally wrong, such as torture, killing children, genocide, etc. 2. Criticisms leveled against Deontology The word deontology comes from the Greek word deon, meaning duty. According to this theory, it is your duty to do actions which are right and not do those which are wrong. Actions are thought to be right or wrong in themselves. For example, killing people and lying are wrong, sharing with others who are in need is right. Immanuel Kant was a famous deontologistRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagessome organization to it. What was faced in the last days... by last days I mean the last days of civilization not life; itself. What was faced was hell. Everyone went ape shit insane. Everyone was killing and raping each other into oblivion, because we were under attack by creatures that was so beyond our understanding! Geez, there were many names given to these undead. Some called them demons, others called them lost souls. With all these names, I found only one that was truly worthy; ZombiesRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesthe water from the stream. When it cools, you could drink it and make breakfast and continue with your good times. Then Juanita mentions seeing a sign back in the parking lot: Warning, Giardia has been found in many streams in the area. Sorry, but we are out of sterilization tablets. Giardia is a microorganism that makes you sick, she says. You and Emilio have never heard of it. Emilio says hes willing to bet that boiling the water will kill the critters. Besides, he says, our stream

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Why get your RN to BSN free essay sample

In the 21st century, the health challenges facing the nation have shifted dramatically. The American population is older—Americans 65 and older will be nearly 20 percent of the population by 2030—as well as more diverse with respect not only to race and ethnicity but also other cultural and socioeconomic factors. In addition to shifts in the nation’s demographics, there also have been shifts in that nation’s health care needs. Most health care today relates to chronic conditions, such as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and mental health conditions, due in part to the nation’s aging population and compounded by increasing obesity levels. While chronic conditions account for most of the care needed today, the U. S. health care system was primarily built around treating acute illnesses and injuries, the predominant health challenges of the early 20th century. The ways in which nurses were educated during the 20th century are no longer adequate for dealing with the realities of health care in the 21st century. We will write a custom essay sample on Why get your RN to BSN or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As patient needs and care environments have become more complex, nurses need to attain requisite competencies to deliver high-quality care. These competencies include leadership, health policy, system improvement, research and evidence-based practice, and teamwork and collaboration, as well as competency in specific content areas such as community and public health and geriatrics. Nurses also are being called upon to fill expanding roles and to master technological tools and information management systems while collaborating and coordinating care across teams of health professionals. To respond to these increasing demands, the IOM committee calls for nurses to achieve higher levels of education and suggests that they be educated in new ways that better prepare them to meet the needs of the population. An Improved Education System Much of nursing education revolves around acute care rather than community settings that include aspects of primary care, public health, and long-term care. The qualifications and level of education required for entry into the nursing profession have been widely debated by nurses and nursing organizations. . Although a BSN education is not a panacea for all that is expected of nurses in the future, it does, relative to other educational pathways, introduce students to a wider range of competencies in such arenas as health policy and health care financing, community and public health, leadership, quality improvement, and systems thinking. Care within the hospital continues to grow more complex, with nurses having to make critical decisions associated with care for sicker, frailer patients and having to use more sophisticated, life-saving technology coupled with information management systems that require skills in analysis and synthesis. Care outside the hospital is becoming more complex as well. Nurses are being called on to coordinate care among a variety of clinicians and community agencies; to help patients manage chronic illnesses, thereby preventing acute care episodes and disease progression; and to use a variety of technological tools to improve the quality and effectiveness of care. A more educated nursing workforce would be better equipped to meet the demands of an evolving health care system, and this need could be met by increasing the percentage of nurses with a BSN. An increase in the proportion of nurses with a BSN also would create a workforce poised to achieve higher levels of education at the master’s and doctoral levels, required for nurses to serve as primary care providers, nurse researchers, and nurse faculty— positions currently in great demand across the profession and within the health care system. The committee recommends that the proportion of nurses with baccalaureate degrees be increased to 80 percent by 2020. While it anticipates that it will take a few years to build the educational capacity needed to achieve this goal, the committee maintains that it is bold, achievable, and necessary to move the nursing workforce to an expanded set of competencies, especially in the domains of community and public health, leadership, systems improvement and change, research, and health policy. Improving the education system and achieving a more educated workforce—specifically increasing the number of nurses with baccalaureate degrees—can be accomplished through a number of different programs and educational models, including: traditional RN-to-BSN programs; traditional 4-year BSN programs at both universities and some community colleges.